From Round to Square (and back)

For The Emperor's Teacher, scroll down (↓) to "Topics." It's the management book that will rock the world (and break the vase, as you will see). Click or paste the following link for a recent profile of the project: http://magazine.beloit.edu/?story_id=240813&issue_id=240610

A new post appears every day at 12:05* (CDT). There's more, though. Take a look at the right-hand side of the page for over four years of material (2,000 posts and growing) from Seinfeld and country music to every single day of the Chinese lunar calendar...translated. Look here ↓ and explore a little. It will take you all the way down the page...from round to square (and back again).
*Occasionally I will leave a long post up for thirty-six hours, and post a shorter entry at noon the next day.

Thursday, September 30, 2021

China's Lunar-Solar Calendar 2021 09-30

 Click here for the introduction to the Round and Square series "Calendars and Almanacs" 

⇦⇦⇦⇦⇦ From right to left: ⇦⇦⇦⇦
10/5.................................................................................................................................................9/28


This is one in a never-ending series—following the movements of the calendar—in Round and Square perpetuity. It is today's date in the Chinese lunar-solar (or "luni-solar" calendar; I call it the "lunar" calendar in order to distinguish it from the kinds of calendars most Westerners use. It has a basic translation and minimal interpretation

As for interpreting the translation, unless you have been studying calendars (and Chinese culture) for many years, you will likely find yourself asking "what does that mean?" I would caution tha"it" doesn't "mean" any one thing (almost any "it" you will see). There are clusters of meaning, and they require patience, reflection, careful reading, and, well, a little bit of ethnographic fieldwork. The best place to start is the introduction to "Calendars and Almanacs" on this blog. I teach a semester-long course on this topic and, trust me, it takes a little bit of time to get used to the lunar calendarSome of the material is readily accessible; some of it is impenetrable, even after many years. And do not assume that people from China understand the traditional calendar particularly well, either. I have encountered confusion and furrowed brows for countless items in the calendar. It can seem "remote," in other words, from the world we live in these days, and yet it is printed anew every single year.

As time goes on, I will link all of the sections to lengthy background essays. This will take a while. In the meantime, take a look, read the introduction, and think about all of the questions that emerge from even a quick look at the calendar. You will likely find that several of the translations seem quite "fanciful" in English. I am simply trying to convey that they also sound fairly fanciful in Chinese.                       
                                                       Section One
                                                  Solar Calendar Date
                                              (top to bottom, right to left)
四期星
Ninth Month, Thirtieth Day
Thursday, September 30

Section Two
Beneficent Stars 
(top to bottom, right to left)
三歲合歲
合支日德
Generational Exemplarity
Linked Days
Generational Branch
Three Linkages

Section Three
Auspicious Hours
(top to bottom, right to left

申辰甲
酉巳丑
戌午寅
亥未卯
23:00-1:00 In-Between
1:00-3:00 Auspicious
3:00-5:00 Auspicious
5:00-7:00 Inauspicious

7:00-9:00 In-Between
9:00-11:00 Auspicious
11:00-13:00 Auspicious
13:00-15:00 Inauspicious

15:00-17:00 In-Between
17:00-19:00 Inauspicious
19:00-21:00 Auspicious
21:00-23:00 Inauspicious
————

Section Four 
Activities to Avoid  
(top-to-bottom; right to left) 


成遠造合
服行酒將
Mixing Sauces
Making Liquor
Distant Ramblings
Completing Clothing
————

Section Five 
Cosmological Information
廿
Twenty-Fourth Day (Eighth Lunar Month)
Cyclical Day: xinsi (18/60)
Phase (element): Metal
"Constellation Personality" Cycle: Southern Dipper 
(8/28)
"Day Personality" Cycle: Completion (9/12)
————

Section Six
Appropriate Activities
and Miscellaneous Information
(top-to-bottom; right to left) 
上移訂祭
樑徙婚祀
安開嫁祈
門市娶福
作交納入
灶易采學
開動裁會
渠土衣友
喪重
無朱復上
祿雀日兀
Appropriate Activities
Venerating Ancestors
Inquiring-into Fortune
Entering Study
Meeting Friends
Marriage Engagements
Marriage Alliances
Grain Payments
Cutting-out Clothing
Moving Residences
Opening Markets
Trade and Commerce
Moving Soil
Raising Beams
Positioning Gates and Doors
Stove Work
Opening Irrigation Sluices

Doubled Mourning

Baleful Astral Influences
Upper Amputee
Returning Days
Vermilion Bird
Without Emolument
————

Section Seven
Inauspicious Stars
(the Chinese should be read right to left)
白 山
White, Mountain
————

Section Eight
Miscellaneous Items 
(the Chinese should be read top-to-bottom, and right-to-left;
the English translation is under the bottom of each character)
牀 灶 廚
Bed, Stove, Kitchen

Wednesday, September 29, 2021

China's Lunar-Solar Calendar 2021 09-29

  Click here for the introduction to the Round and Square series "Calendars and Almanacs" 

⇦⇦⇦⇦⇦ From right to left: ⇦⇦⇦⇦
10/5.................................................................................................................................................9/28


This is one in a never-ending series—following the movements of the calendar—in Round and Square perpetuity. It is today's date in the Chinese lunar-solar (or "luni-solar" calendar; I call it the "lunar" calendar in order to distinguish it from the kinds of calendars most Westerners use. It has a basic translation and minimal interpretation

As for interpreting the translation, unless you have been studying calendars (and Chinese culture) for many years, you will likely find yourself asking "what does that mean?" I would caution tha"it" doesn't "mean" any one thing (almost any "it" you will see). There are clusters of meaning, and they require patience, reflection, careful reading, and, well, a little bit of ethnographic fieldwork. The best place to start is the introduction to "Calendars and Almanacs" on this blog. I teach a semester-long course on this topic and, trust me, it takes a little bit of time to get used to the lunar calendarSome of the material is readily accessible; some of it is impenetrable, even after many years. And do not assume that people from China understand the traditional calendar particularly well, either. I have encountered confusion and furrowed brows for countless items in the calendar. It can seem "remote," in other words, from the world we live in these days, and yet it is printed anew every single year.

As time goes on, I will link all of the sections to lengthy background essays. This will take a while. In the meantime, take a look, read the introduction, and think about all of the questions that emerge from even a quick look at the calendar. You will likely find that several of the translations seem quite "fanciful" in English. I am simply trying to convey that they also sound fairly fanciful in Chinese.                       
                                                       Section One
                                                  Solar Calendar Date
                                              (top to bottom, right to left)
廿
三期星
Ninth Month, Twenty-Ninth Day
Wednesday, September 29

Section Two
Beneficent Stars 
(top to bottom, right to left)
六母天月
合倉恩德
Lunar Exemplarity
Heavenly Kindness
Maternal Granary
Six Linkages

Section Three
Auspicious Hours
(top to bottom, right to left

申辰甲
酉巳丑
戌午寅
亥未卯
23:00-1:00 Inauspicious
1:00-3:00 Auspicious
3:00-5:00 Auspicious
5:00-7:00 Inauspicious

7:00-9:00 Auspicious
9:00-11:00 Auspicious
11:00-13:00 Auspicious
13:00-15:00 Inauspicious

15:00-17:00 In-Between
17:00-19:00 In-Between
19:00-21:00 Inauspicious
21:00-23:00 Auspicious
————

Section Four 
Activities to Avoid  
(top-to-bottom; right to left) 


取結出開
魚網財倉
Opening Granaries
Capital Outflow
Binding Nets
Garnering Piscinity (Goin' Fishin')
————

Section Five 
Cosmological Information
廿
Twenty-Third Day (Eighth Lunar Month)
Cyclical Day: gengchen (17/60)
Phase (element): Metal
"Constellation Personality" Cycle: Winnowing Basket 
(7/28)
"Day Personality" Cycle: Danger (8/12)
————

Section Six
Appropriate Activities
and Miscellaneous Information
(top-to-bottom; right to left) 
安開嫁祭
牀市娶祀
作修裁祈
灶造衣福
納動納出
畜土采行
安上理會
葬樑髮友
將陰
天月大月
  刑煞亡空
Appropriate Activities
Venerating Ancestors
Inquiring-into Fortune
Going Out (and about)
Meeting Friends
Marriage Alliances
Cutting-out Clothing (Sewing and Tailoring)
Grain Payments
Patterning Hair
Opening Markets
Repairing and Constructing
Moving Soil
Raising Beams
Positioning Beds
Stove Work
Livestock Payments
Positioning Graves

Yin General

Baleful Astral Influences
Lunar Taboo
Great Loss-Void
Lunar Balefulness
Heavenly Punishment
————

Section Seven
Inauspicious Stars
(the Chinese should be read right to left)
白 火
White, Fire
————

Section Eight
Miscellaneous Items 
(the Chinese should be read top-to-bottom, and right-to-left;
the English translation is under the bottom of each character)
栖 磨 碓
Perch, Mortar, Pestle

Tuesday, September 28, 2021

Translating History and Culture, Autumn 2021

 On this date on Round and Square's History 


[a] More than a Trifle RF

The Other Studies Another
French Scholars of Chinese Culture 

Spring 2021
Mondays and Wednesdays 
(for the first month; thereafter, Monday "labs" and Wednesday classes)
7:15-10:30
Robert André LaFleur                                                             Office Hours:
Morse Ingersoll 206                                                                 Tuesday   11:45-1:15
363-2005                                                                                   
Thursday 11:45-1:15
lafleur@beloit.edu                                                                   ...or by appointment.

Required Books          
La Tour de la France par deux enfants 
Mauss, Manual of Ethnography 
Durkheim, Emile. Selected Writings 
Granet, Marcel. Chinese Civilization (.pdf file/Word file)
Granet, Marcel. Chinese Thought (.pdf file/Word file)
Granet, Marcel. Festivals and Songs in Ancient China 
Granet, Marcel. The Religion of the Chinese People (.pdf)
Kern, Stephen. The Culture of Time and Space: 1880-1918 
Verne, Jules. Around the World in Eighty Days  
Weber, Eugene. Peasants into Frenchmen 
Robb, Graham. Discovery of France 
Mauss, Marcel. The Gift. 
Venuti, Lawrence. The Translation Studies Reader

Steven Lukes. Emile Durkheim: His Life and Work 
Marcel Mauss, The Gift 
Marcel Mauss, The Concept of the Person (.pdf file) 

Various .pdf files (these will be sent to you)

***  *** 
Evaluation 
Weekly Quizzes (15)                                                   15%
Translational Letter                                                     15%
Translational Review Essay                                        15%
Seminar Paper                                                             55% 
In this advanced seminar, we investigate the manner in which history and anthropology, two “total” disciplines (each considering all aspects of human life their purview), have engaged “the other”—and "translated" their understandings of texts, institutions, and cultural manners into language that readers in very different settings could grasp. 

The seminar will begin with an overview of the history of significant cultural interactions from earliest times (particularly Homer, Herodotus, and Sima Qian) to the present, and the seminar will continue to address these interactions, even in our present day. Toward that end, we will examine the field of translation studies, and consider the instructor's mantra that anthropologists (and historians) need to be translators (even of complex texts), not only literary specialists.

The bulk of the seminar is devoted to careful study of French engagement with the outside world, as well as the disparate elements of a growing and changing French countryside in the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries. In particular, students will closely examine the final works of the French scholar Marcel Granet (1884-1940), which the instructor is finalizing for publication

Students will use the skills that they develop in their study of French anthropologie et histoire to prepare their own seminar papers on specific traditions of cultural translation.
[b] Triumphal RF

History 310
Translating History, and Culture
Autumn 2021

Week I
(August 23, 25)
                                      Check the Chinese lunar calendar every day!
(these will be on the quizzes this week)
Monday, August 23
Jules Verne, Around the World in Eighty Days

Wednesday, August 25
(these will be on the quizzes this week)
Graham Robb, The Discovery of France 
          Part One
                  The Undiscovered Continent
                  The Tribes of France I
                  The Tribes of France II
                  O Òc Sí Bai Ya Win Oui Awè Jo Ja Oua
                  Living in France I: The Face in the Museum
                  Living in France II: A Simple Life
                  Fairies, Virgins, Gods, and Priests
                  Migrants and Communters
       Interlude: The Sixty Million Others
          Part Two
                  Maps
                  Empire
                  Travelling in France I: The Avenues of Paris
                  Travelling in France II: The Hare and the Tortoise
                  Colonization
                  The Wonders of France
                  Postcards of the Natives
                  Lost Provinces
                  Journey to the Centre of France
                  Epilogue: Secrets

Sunday, August 29
1,000-word "miniature" review essay examining themes in Le Tour de la France (including the introduction), Graham Robb's Discovery of France and Jules Verne's Around the World in Eighty Days.
This should be written as a brief, but well-structured 
academic essay, and not as an "informal" work.
Due by 5:00 p.m. on Sunday, August 29

Week II
      (August 30, September 1) 
Monday, August 30
Stephen Kern. The Culture of Time and Space: 1880-1918 
                       The Nature of Time
                  The Past
                  The Present
                  The Future
                  Speed
                  The Nature of Space
                  Form
                  Distance
                  Direction
                  Temporality of the July Crisis
                  The Cubist War
                  Conclusion                

Wednesday, September 1
Biographical “works” on Marcel Granet, with reference to his teacher (Emile Durkheim) and close colleague and friend, Marcel Mauss.

Granet, The Religion of the Chinese People: 1-29
                  Maurice Freedman, “Marcel Granet, 1884-1940, Sociologist”         
Stein, The World in Miniature: 1-3
                      In Memory of Marcel Granet  
Robert LaFleur, "La Pensée Catégorique: Marcel Granet's Grand Sinological Project..."  
Robert LaFleur, "Time , Space, and the Calendar in Early Chinese Mythology."
Bronislaw Malinowski and Argonauts of the Western Pacific (blog post)                               

(hard copy in my office—MI 206)

 Week III 
Monday, September 6
Eugene Weber. Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France
             Introduction 
                  Part I: The Way Things Were 
                       *A Country of Savages
                  The Mad Beliefs
                  The King’s Foot
                  Alone With One’s Fellows
                  From Justice, Lord, Deliver Us!
                 *A Wealth of Tongues
                  France, One and Indivisible
                 *The Working of the Land
                  Give Us This Day
                  From ‘Subsistence’ to ‘Habitat’
                  The Family 
             Part II: The Agencies of Change 
                      *Roads, Roads, and Still More Roads
                  Keeping Up With Yesterday
                  Rus in Urbe
                  Peasants and Politics
                 *Migration: An Industry of the Poor
                  Migration of Another Sort: Military Service
                 *Civilizing in Earnest: Schools and Schooling
                  Dieu Et-il Français?
                  The Priests and the People
             Part III: Change and Assimilation 
                      *The Way of All Feasts
                  Charivaris
                 *Markets and Fairs
                  Veillées
                 *The Oral Wisdom
                  Fled is That Music
                 *Le Papier Qui Parle
                **Wring Out the Old
                  Cultures and Civilization

Wednesday, September 8
"Close Reading Mode" (three times, as we discussed in class)
Marcel Granet. The Religion of the Chinese People: 33-56
                       Preface        
                  Peasant Religion
                              Rural Life
                              Holy Places and Peasant Festivals
                              Ancient Beliefs
                              Popular Mythology and Folklore

Monday, September 13
(Read the materials for the above for both Weeks III and IV).
Marcel Granet. Festivals and Songs in Ancient China
                  I    The Love Songs of the Shih Ching 
                        Introduction                                          
                        How to Read a Classic                                                      
                        Rustic Themes                                                                 
                        Village Loves                                                                  
                        Songs of the Rivers and Mountains                                                 

Wednesday, September 15
Marcel Granet. Festivals and Songs in Ancient China                   
                  II   The Ancient Festivals 
                        Local Festivals                                                  
                        Facts and Interpretations                                    
                        The Seasonal Rhythm                                         
                        The Holy Places                                                
                        The Contests                                                                 
                        Conclusion    
LaFleur, "Smoke Hole at the Center of the Universe" (.pdf file)  From Monday (discussion today).                      

Week V
(September 20, 22)  
                                      Check the Chinese lunar calendar every day!
Monday, September 20
Wayne Booth, The Craft of Research (selections; .pdf file)
Wendy Belcher, Writing Your Journal Article in Twelve Weeks (selections; .pdf file)

Wednesday, September 22
I will be sending you a .pdf file of the entire text, "Rural Religoin in China," so that you can either read it on the blog (with a few pictures, if you wish) or as a text that is less fragmented (as blog posts inevitably are).
LaFleur, "The Cyclical Imagination" (.pdf, sent to you on 9/20)
This is my "explanation" of what is going on in Granet's "Peasant Religion." It is a long interpretive essay, but it will explain a great deal that wasn't clear before. 
You should to read it alongside your .pdf copy of "Peasant Religion."
LaFleur, "Peasant Folktales and Chinese Scholarship" (video lecture; I'll send the link) 

Monday, September 27
(No class meeting. Do the quiz, which I'll send to you in advance. 
Send it back to me as an attachment).
Venuti. The Translation Studies Reader, 1-37
                  Introduction (just get a sense of the introduction)
                   Foundational Statements
                  1-Jerome
                  2-Nicolas Perrot D'Ablancourt
Anthony Giddens. Emile Durkheim: Selected Writings, 1-50
                        Durkheim’s writings in sociology and social philosophy

Wednesday, September 29
Marcel Granet. The Religion of the Chinese People: 57-156
                  Feudal Religion
                              The Life of the Nobles
                              The Cult of Heaven
                              Agrarian Cults
                              The Cult of the Ancestors
                              Mythology
                  The Official Religion
                              The Literati
                              Orthodox Metaphysics and Morality
                              Cults and Beliefs
                  Religious Revivals
                              Taoism
                              Buddhism
                  Religious Sentiment in Modern China
Anthony Giddens, Emile Durkheim: Selected Writings, 51-88
                        The field of sociology
                        Methods of explanation and analysis
Monday, October 4 
(No class meeting. Do the quiz, which I'll send to you in advance. 
Send it back to me as an attachment).
Round and Square See separate Round and Square syllabus
Venuti. The Translation Studies Reader, 38-68
                   Foundational Statements (2)
                  3-John Dryden       
                  4-Friedrich Schleiermacher
                  5-Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
                  6-Friedrich Nietzsche
Anthony Giddens, Emile Durkheim: Selected Writings, 89-122
                        The Science of Morality
                        Moral obligation, duty and freedom
                      
Wednesday, October 6 
From last week (read carefully):
Marcel Granet. The Religion of the Chinese People: 57-156
                  Feudal Religion
                              The Life of the Nobles
                              The Cult of Heaven
                              Agrarian Cults
                              The Cult of the Ancestors
                              Mythology
                  The Official Religion
                              The Literati
                              Orthodox Metaphysics and Morality
                              Cults and Beliefs
                  Religious Revivals
                              Taoism
                              Buddhism
                  Religious Sentiment in Modern China

Week VIII
Autumn Break

 
Week IX
(October 18, 20)  
                                      Check the Chinese lunar calendar every day!
Please Read the Attendance Policy 
Monday, October 18
(No class meeting. Do the quiz, which I'll send to you in advance. 
Send it back to me as an attachment).
Venuti. The Translation Studies Reader, 69-106
                  1900s-1930s 
                  7-Walter Benjamin      
                  8-Ezra Pound
                  9-Jorge Luis Borges
Anthony Giddens, Emile Durkheim: Selected Writings, 123-154
                        Forms of social solidarity
                        The division of labour and social differentiation

Wednesday, October 20  
Durkheim and Mauss, Primitive Classification 
                  The Problem
                   The Australian Type of Classification
                   Other Australian Systems
                   Zuni, Sioux
                   China
                   Conclusions

Week X
(October 25, 27)
                                        Check the Chinese lunar calendar every day!
Monday, October 25
(No class meeting. Do the quiz, which I'll send to you in advance. 
Send it back to me as an attachment).
Round and Square See separate Round and Square syllabus
Anthony Giddens, Emile Durkheim: Selected Writings, 155-188
                        Analysis of socialist doctrines
                        Anomie and the moral structure of industry
                        Political sociology
LaFleur, Writing, History, and Culture (Rob's Writing Guide)
                  Part III—Read first
                  Part I—Read very carefully and take notes
                  Part II—Get a sense of what's there, without taking too much time.

Wednesday, October 27
Marcel Mauss, The Gift 
                *Foreword: Puzzles and Pathways by Bill Maurer   
                 *Translator's Introduction: The Gift that Keeps on Giving by Jane Guyer
                   In Memoriam: The Unpublished Works of Durkheim and His Collaborators
                 **Essay on the Gift: The Form and Sense of Exchange in Archaic Societies
                   Selected Reviews

Week XI
(November 1, 3) 
                                      Check the Chinese lunar calendar every day! 
Monday, November 1
(No class meeting. Do the quiz, which I'll send to you in advance. 
Send it back to me as an attachment).
Venuti. The Translation Studies Reader, 107-132 
                  1940s-1950s
                  10-Vladimir Nabokov      
                  11-Roman Jakobson
Anthony Giddens, Emile Durkheim: Selected Writings, 189-218
                        Political sociology
                        The social bases of education

Wednesday, November 3
No class meeting; "Beloit and Beyond" conference day.

Week XII
(November 8, 10)
                                        Check the Chinese lunar calendar every day!
Wednesday, November 10
Combined class meeting at 11:30 a.m. (one hour); I will send the quiz on Tuesday.
Venuti. The Translation Studies Reader, 133- 182
                  1960s-1970s
                  12-Eugene Nida     
                  13-George Steiner
                  14-Itamar Even-Zohar
                  15-Gideon Toury
Anthony Giddens, Emile Durkheim: Selected Writings, 219-249
                        Religion and ritual
                        Secularisation and rationality

Week XIII
(November 15, 17)
                                        Check the Chinese lunar calendar every day!
Monday, November 15
(No class meeting. Do the quiz, which I'll send to you in advance. 
Send it back to me as an attachment).
Venuti. The Translation Studies Reader, 183-268
                  1980s
                  16-Hans J. Vermeer  
                  17-André Lefevere
                  18-Philip E. Lewis
                  19-Antoin Berman 
                  20-Lori Chamberlain
Anthony Giddens, Emile Durkheim: Selected Writings, 250-268
                        Sociology of knowledge

Wednesday, November 17
Round and Square See separate Round and Square syllabus
Marcel Mauss, Manual of Ethnography
                  Introduction (please read this carefully)
                  Preliminary Remarks
                  Methods of Observation
                  Social Morphology
                  Technology
                   Aesthetics
                   Economic Phenomena
                   Jural Phenomena
                   Moral Phenomena
                   Religious Phenomena

Week XIV
(November 22. 24)
                                      Check the Chinese lunar calendar every day!

Week XV
(November 29. December 1)
                                      Check the Chinese lunar calendar every day!
Focus on your papers and Mauss's The Gift
Wednesday, December 1
Marcel Mauss, The Gift

Final Papers Due on Thursday December 9 by 5:00 p.m.
(in my office—MI 206)