From Round to Square (and back)

For The Emperor's Teacher, scroll down (↓) to "Topics." It's the management book that will rock the world (and break the vase, as you will see). Click or paste the following link for a recent profile of the project: http://magazine.beloit.edu/?story_id=240813&issue_id=240610

A new post appears every day at 12:05* (CDT). There's more, though. Take a look at the right-hand side of the page for over four years of material (2,000 posts and growing) from Seinfeld and country music to every single day of the Chinese lunar calendar...translated. Look here ↓ and explore a little. It will take you all the way down the page...from round to square (and back again).
*Occasionally I will leave a long post up for thirty-six hours, and post a shorter entry at noon the next day.
Showing posts with label Beloit College. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Beloit College. Show all posts

Thursday, January 15, 2015

Attendance Policy (Spring 2015)

On this date on Round and Square's History 
15 January 2014—China's Lunar Calendar 2014 01-15
15 January 2014—Erlangen 91052: Introduction
15 January 2013—Channeling Liam: Free Will
15 January  2012—Hurtin' County: Upbeat and Downcast
15 January 2011—Kanji Mastery: Resource Center
[a] Standing at attendance RF
Class Attendance, Class Participation
and Computer Use Policy
All Classes
Spring 2015
Robert André LaFleur                                                             Office Hours:
Morse Ingersoll 111                                                                 Monday        2:30-4:00
363-2005                                                                                   Wedesday    2:30-4:00
lafleur@beloit.edu                                                                    …or by appointment

A specter is haunting Beloit College—the specter of missed classes, half-empty classrooms, and disjointed learning.  I have tolerated these patterns of vacuity in the past, but it has reached a point in which missed classes affect both the students who are absent and more punctual class members (who have to hear explanations for material and key points more than once).  It also detracts from the pedagogical goals of not only our little course of study, but liberal education in general.  From here on, attendance is required.
[b] Late RF

I will expect regular attendance and participation in class, and anything short of that will result in significant penalties.  I will take attendance during every class session, and students will be expected to be on time and respectful of the length of breaks.  While this may seem draconian, it is simply meant as a way to create a positive learning environment.

Class Attendance
You are expected to attend every class session during the term.  Period.  This is not a policy that “allows” one or two (or three) “misses.”  Short of significant illness, or a major—catastrophic—event, you must be in class. 

Class will begin promptly at the top of the hour, and there will be a short quiz at that time.  All quizzes will be collected no later than fifteen minutes after the hour.  Be in class on time and use your fifteen minutes for the quiz.

Please note (the following information is new):
Class attendance and participation is expected. 
More than two missed classes will result in the loss of a letter grade for the course.
Five or more missed classes will result in an F grade for the course.
 ***  ***
Class time will cover significant issues that go beyond the foundation of materials you have been assigned.  Much of this material will be on the quizzes and the exams.

Occasionally, it will happen that you are not able to be in class, no matter what.  These occasions should be rare, occurring for most students once or twice every third semester, and only a handful of times during an entire college education (I am not kidding).

Attendance matters.
[c] Portal RF

When they do happen, send me an e-mail message letting me know.  Please note the wording.  Do not ask me for “permission.”  Do not plead for “leniency.”  I prefer to deal with these matters the way members of any civil society would—with a sense of decorum and mutual respect.  That is ultimately how I will evaluate your attendance.  It is really quite simple to tell the difference between not being able to pry oneself away from Madden NFL 25® and experiencing an illness or loss. Don’t be too “personal” in your e-mail messages.  I don’t want to pry, and I don’t need explanations (or, worse yet, excuses).  Just let me know the situation.

Class Participation
By “participation,” I mean being fully engaged in the lecture or discussion.  This may or may not include active voicing of opinions or interpretations.  In short, I do not belong to the school of thought that equates “talking” with participation and “silence” with lack of engagement.  It is easy enough, after twenty years of teaching, to see the exceptions.  What I seek is solid preparation, engagement with the subject under discussion, and (eventually) evidence in your writing that these things have come together.


I expect you to listen to my (and your peers’) comments, and to add your interpretations whenever you feel compelled to do so.  The best advice is for each student to push her or his “comfort zone” a little.  If you are inclined to speak often, pull back (a little) and listen.  If you rarely speak, push yourself to do so.
[d] Gathering RF

You need to have the required books with you for class discussion.  In cases for which reserve materials have been necessary, you need at least a series of notes to which you can refer during our discussions.  Reading books on reserve (or leaving it to the last minute) is never a valid reason for being unprepared.

After an initial “getting acquainted” process, I will start calling on people.  This will never be punitive, and will only occasionally create (unwittingly) the kind of “I-don’t-know/deer-in-the-headlights” situation that makes everyone uncomfortable…for about ten seconds.  I plan to get people talking about the materials with a minimum of fuss and worry—and will explain the process once the course gets underway.

The most important part of the “participation” expectation is note taking.  I want you to explore various note-taking skills as part of your expanding liberal arts education.  You will more than occasionally hear me say “write that down.”  That is for emphasis.  I expect all students to develop note-taking strategies so that they have useful materials for further analysis when writing papers or studying for exams.

Laptops and Classroom Computers
There will be no use of laptop or classroom computers during class time.  I realize that taking notes on computers can be a useful practice, but I would like to emphasize a number of other note-taking strategies in our class. Part of a liberal education lies in pushing one’s boundaries. Experiment with various note-taking strategies. The only possible exception to this policy will be for clearly stated (mostly medical) needs.

Keep your laptop in your bag during class.
[e] Connected RF

You may do a quick check of e-mail and social media during break if you wish, but you must complete your work before class resumes (with time to spare).

Occasionally during class something will come up that might benefit from a quick on-line search.  In those cases (these seem to occur a handful of times during the term), I may give permission for people to do a quick in-class check.  Such times are the exception, not the rule.  For the most part, we will be engaged in a distant intellectual world of books and paper.  It will be a healthy contrast to our “connected” worlds.

I shouldn’t even have to say it, but turn off your phones…and everything else.

I fully realize that this is a great deal of legalistic material to handle at once.  A single, sensible thread runs through all of it, though—a learning community that is engaged in examining old questions and pondering the new.  Or, as Confucius was said to have said:

溫故而知新可以為師矣
Acquire new knowledge while pondering the old, 
and you may become a teacher of others

[f] Teaching RF

Saturday, October 26, 2013

From the Geil Archive (34)–A Ghostly Take On the Three Teachings

Click Here for the "From the Geil Archive" Resource Center
To learn more about William Edgar Geil, click here for the Accidental Ethnographer Resource Center
A year ago on Round and Square (26 October 2012)–La Pensée Cyclique–Rural Religion in China (26)
Two years ago on Round and Square (26 October 2011)–Seinfeld Ethnography (31)–George's New Friend 
[a] Ghosts on the mountain - RF 
Click here for other posts by Guest Contributor Lily Philpott:  
1-About Me                            2-The Tenacious Wall        3-A Yankee in the Land of Rhubarb
4-Immortality to Obscurity       5-A Ghostly Take...

Today's Guest Contributor on Round & Square is Lily Philpott. She hails from Weston, Connecticut and recently graduated from Beloit College with a B.A. in Creative Writing and Literary Studies. She joins Rachel, Julia, Amara, and Sarah in the Geil archive in Doylestown, Pennsylvania to help digitize the archive and enjoy the stories she finds there. 
*** ***
Please note that all items marked "DHS" are property of the Doylestown Historical Society, and used with DHS permission. If you wish to use an image you need permission of the Society. Please contact Robert LaFleur  (lafleur@beloit.edu), and he will put you in touch with the appropriate people. 
In honour of Halloween’s stealthy approach, the document today's blog post is based on involves ghosts. 

It also involves a look at William Edgar Geil’s approach to Chinese religious traditions—but in the spirit of Halloween, these ideas evolved from a document dealing with ghosts. Rather than the sheet-clad revelers of All Hallow’s Eve, these ghosts are of a more dour nature—Daoist, in fact.

I'll return to ghosts in a minute, but first, some background on the idea of syncretism in Chinese religion. 

To syncretize something is to combine various, often opposing, ideas into complementary systems. In Chinese religion, syncretism deals with the melding of Confucian, Daoist, and Buddhist thought. This is called sanjiao heyi, which translates to: “the three teachings merge into one”.[1] These three disciplines are unavoidably distinct, but in the practice of sanjiao heyi they merge seamlessly into separate, but equal, coexistence.
The idea of syncretism in religion is one that is intrinsic to Chinese culture, and is therefore difficult to fully explain, but I hope that this quick explanation does some justice to it and will help with what I plan to discuss.

In the document itself, Geil is typing up translations from a text called the ‘Tsi-nan fu Annals’. This document was located among other notes and drafts that Geil collected in preparation for writing his Eighteen Capitals of China book. 

Tsi nan (Jinan, in pinyin Romanization) is the capital of Shandong province, located near Mount Tai, one of the five sacred mountains. While Geil did not actually translate this document, what’s important here is that he typed, read, and digested the information. Why? I’ll explain in just a minute…
[d] Tai shan is a ghost resort... - DHS

The document recounts a number of urban legends regarding Tsi nan and the surrounding area. Sandwiched between stories of virtuous widows are a couple of supernatural tales.

The first is a discussion of the aforementioned Daoist ghosts. On Mount Tai, the annals stated that there was a Daoist priest who was “able to call the spirits of the departed and also to forsee and reckon the length of human life [sic]”, constituting the source of the “GHOSTLY tradition connected with Tai shan”. The document even goes so far as to claim Mount Tai as “the Summer Resort for the GHOSTS of people of the Central Kingdom."

If we read the document with syncretism in mind, we read that the Greek idea of Hades comes from a Daoist book on exorcism, which in turn relates to Buddhist ‘yak shas’ (evil spirits) and ghosts. Confucianism is mentioned simply because Confucius did not believe in these spiralling myths of Hell.
[e] Fighting Buddhist demi-gods - DHS 

Another story related in the document is that of a legion of Buddhist priests who aided the Prince of Yen while he besieged Tsi nan. When they disappeared after the fight, it was found that they had disappeared into a cavern where a great many Buddhist demigods were carved on the walls, all of which were covered with perspiration.

While transcribing these translations, Geil maintains a firmly skeptical air. After relating the story of the fighting Buddhist demigods, he types: “THAT IS IN AN OFFICIAL HISTORY! How few foreigners realize that these LOCAL literatures exist. But these are official!!! ^^^ !!! […] These annals are to be numbered among the occult forces!! Made by the learned and owned by the learned and official classes.”

[f] Chinese temple - RF 
William Edgar Geil first began traveling the world as a missionary. His perspective is firmly Western, and it is most likely that he had never heard of, or studied the idea of the ‘three teachings merging into one’.

As a Westerner with a Christian background, Geil often expressed skepticism towards what he saw as the superstitious nature of Chinese religion. But he was also supremely interested in these non-Christian religions, and for that we should commend him.
In this particular document, and in others that we have scanned, Geil is practicing his own brand of unintentional syncretism. 

Again – he is unaware that what he is doing is syncretic, but I would argue that he is participating in this tradition. The simple act of transcribing information about Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism into a single document falls into the realm of syncretism.

While at Beloit College, I took a class on Chinese Religious Tradition with Professor Natalie Gummer, and we spent a lot of time discussing what reading a text physically does to you. I would argue that in a true Daoist fashion (where you find the Dao by not searching for the Dao), the process of typing up these notes means that Geil is thinking about syncretism without thinking about syncretism. The mere act of compiling this information is the first, and nebulous step in the creation of an idea.

[h] Daoist temple - RF 
With Professor Natalie Gummer, we discussed the way that the Dao is reached by the action of non-action; a passive, rather than active search is the key to success here. 

Geil’s act of non-action—his unintentional use of syncretism—is perhaps the first step in his understanding the concept as a whole. And while we have no proof that he ever fully understood this concept, I think that it’s safe to say that the seed of the idea was planted somewhere in his mind, however subconsciously. 

[1] LaFleur, Robert Andre. "Chinese religion and syncretism." http://www.newreligion.eu/2013/03/chinese-religion-and-syncretism.html

Wednesday, August 28, 2013

Syllabic Cycles (5)—Advanced Seminar: Mountains-a

Click here for the introduction to the Round and Square series "Syllabic Cycles"
One year ago on Round and Square (28 August 2012)—The New Yorker and the World: Course Description (g)
Two years ago on Round and Square (28 August 2011)—Hurtin' Country: Chiseled in Stone
[a] Towering RL
Click here for the other half of this two-part syllabus post:
HIST 310/ANTH 375: Weeks 1-8                   HIST 310/ANTH 375: Weeks 9-16 

Mountains
History 310/Anthropology 375
Autumn 2013
T 7:10-11:00 p.m.
Robert André LaFleur                                                             Office Hours:
Morse Ingersoll 111                                                                 Tuesday           2:30-4:00*
363-2005                                                                                   Thursday         12:00-1:30
lafleur@beloit.edu                                                                    …or by appointment
*Office hours will revert to the regular 12:00-1:30 time after autumn break.
  
Required Books
Birrell, Anne. The Classic of Mountains and Seas 
Casey, Edward. Representing Place 
Fu, Flora. Framing Famous Mountains 
Hinton, David. Mountain Home: The Wilderness Poetry of Ancient China 
Lévi-Strauss, Claude. Tristes tropiques 
Macfarlane, Robert. Mountains of the Mind: Adventures in Reaching the Summit 
McPhee, John. Annals of the Former World 
Mountaineers, Mountaineering: Freedom of the Hills 
Nan Shunxun. China’s Sacred Sites 
Naquin, Susan. Pilgrims and Sacred Sites 
Robson, James. The Power of Place  
Rudwick, Martin. Bursting the Limits of Time 
Stein, Rolf. The World in Miniature 
Round and Square (www.robert-lafleur.blogsot.com) 
The New York Review of Books (NYRB)

Reserve Books
Braudel. Fernand. The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age...
Casey, Edward. Getting Back into Place 
Geil, William Edgar. The Sacred 5 of China  
Granet, Marcel. The Religion of the Chinese People 
Hawkes, David. Songs of the South 
Leach, Edmund, Political Systems of Highland Burma 
Liu Yang. Fantastic Mountains 
Mauss, Marcel. Seasonal Variations of the Eskimo
Muir, John. Mountaineering Essays 
Mullikin, Mary. The Nine Sacred Mountains of China

Hacker, Diana. A Pocket Style Manual (required in all history classes).

***  ***
In this advanced seminar we will examine the way that various thinkers have engaged the greatest monuments in their midsts—the mountains that dominate certain parts of the human landscape.  Mountains have figured prominently in writings and oral traditions from earliest times, and the fascination with them continues in the disciplines of history and anthropology, where the study of lofty terrain has alternately framed and dominated research work.  We will study the role of mountainous terrain in the opening chapters of Fernand Braudel’s The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II, as well as in Edmund Leach’s anthropological classic Political Systems of Highland Burma.  We will also examine classical statements of mountain travel and thought by Confucius, Vasari, in the Bible, and other sources.  In particular, we will study the five “marchmounts” or cosmological mountains of China—Mt. Heng in the north, Mt. Tai in the east, Mt. Song in the center, Mt. Hua in the west, and another Mt. Heng in the south.  Laid out in powerful “architectural” fashion, the great Chinese mountains framed political and historical discourse in early China. Since early times, the Chinese imagined heaven as round and earth as square, and their linkage played a prominent role in three thousand years of political and historical writings.  To this day, the mountains remain important as cultural sites and pilgrimage centers, and we will look at their role in multiple levels of Chinese economic, cultural, and political life.

Evaluation 
Weekly Discussion Notes/Logs and Quizzes       15%
Letter Assignment                                                 15%
Short assignments                                                15%
Seminar Paper                                                      55% 
Class attendance and participation is expected.  More than one absence will significantly affect your grade.  Late assignments will be penalized. See my late assignment policy.
All coursework is due on Wednesday, December 11th at 10:00 p.m.

History 310—Anthropology 375 
Mountains 
Autumn 2013
Week I
Orientations  
(August 29) 
Note Special Thursday Meeting (7:00-9:30) 
McPhee, Annals of the Former World 
          Book 1: Basin and Range 
          Book 2: In Suspect Terrain 
          Book 3: Rising from the Plains 
          Book 4: Assembling California 
          Book 5: Crossing the Craton 
—, Mountaineering: Freedom of the Hills, 7-17 
                        Preface 
                        Part I—Outdoor Fundamentals 
                                    First Steps

Week II
Mountain Mindsets  
(September 3) 
Round and Square See separate Round and Square syllabus 
New York Review of Books See separate New York Review of Books syllabus 
Macfarlane, Mountains of the Mind 
            Possession         
            The Great Stone Book
            The Pursuit of Fear
            Glaciers and Ice: the Streams of Time
            Altitude: the Summit and the View            
            Walking off the Map
            A New Heaven and a New Earth
            Everest
            The Snow Hare 
Liu, Fantastic Mountains (reserve) 
            Forewords 
            Landscape Painting of the Ming Dynasty 
            Landscape Painting of the Qing Dynasty 
            Fantastic Mountains: A Transcendent Presence in the Natural World 
            Catalogue 
Hinton, Mountain Home (reserve) 
     Beginnings (Fifth Century CE) 
            T’ao Ch’ien (365-427) 
            Hsieh Ling-yün (385-433) 
     Tang Dynasty (618-907) 
            Meng Hao-jan (689-740) 
            Wang Wei (701-761) 
            Li Po (701-762) 
            Tu Fu (712-770) 
            Wei Ying-wu (c. 737-792) 
            Cold Mountain (Untitled Poems—seventh-ninth centuries) 
            Meng Chiao (751-814) 
            Li Tsung-yüan (773-819) 
            Po Chü-i (772-846) 
            Chia Tao (779-843) 
            Tu Mu (803-853) 
      Sung Dynasty (960-1279) 
            Mei Yao-chen (1002-1060) 
            Wang Anshi (1021-1086) 
            Su Tung-p’o (1037-1101) 
            Lu Yu (1125-1210) 
—, Mountaineering: Freedom of the Hills, 532-562 
                        Part VI—The Mountain Environment 
                                    Mountain Geology 
                                    The Cycle of Snow 
                                    Mountain Weather 

Week III
China’s Southern Mountain 
(September 10)  
Round and Square See separate Round and Square syllabus 
New York Review of Books See separate New York Review of Books syllabus 
Robson, The Power of Place 
   Introduction 
      Part I: Situating Nanyue 
            Religion and the Sacred Peaks of China 
            Moving Mountains: Nanyue in Chinese Religious Geography 
            Imagining Nanyue: Physical Geography and Mythical Togography 
   Part II: The Daoist and Buddhist Histories of Nanyue 
            Rising Up to Paradise: Pre-Tang Daoism 
            Nanyue in the Tang: Local Daoist History 
            Lady Wei and the Female Daoists of Nanyue 
            Regional Buddhism During the Tang 
            Conclusion: On the Boundaries of Chinese Religions
Mullikin, The Nine Sacred Mountains of China (.pdf sent by e-mail), 42-52
            Heng-shan or Nan-yüeh of the South in Hunan Province
Geil, The Sacred 5 of China (.pdf sent by e-mail), 117-163 
            Nan Yo, Red Peak-of-the-South, in 5 Sections 
—, Mountaineering: Freedom of the Hills, 18-72 
                        Part I—Outdoor Fundamentals (continued) 
                                    Clothing and Equipment 
                                    Camping and Food  

Week IV
Historical and Cultural Reflexivity  
(September 17)  
Round and Square See separate Round and Square syllabus 
New York Review of Books See separate New York Review of Books syllabus 
Lévi-Strauss, Tristes Tropiques 
     An End to Journeying
     Travel Notes
     The New World Inhabitants
     Caduveo
     Bororo
     Nambikwara
     Tupi-Kawahib
     The Return
—, Mountaineering: Freedom of the Hills, 73-133 
Part I—Outdoor Fundamentals (continued) 
     Physical Conditioning 
     Navigation 
     Wilderness Travel 
     Leave No Trace 
     Stewardship and Access 

Week V
Time, History, and Geology 
(September 24)
Round and Square See separate Round and Square syllabus 
New York Review of Books See separate New York Review of Books syllabus 
Rudwick, Bursting the Limits of Time
     Part I: Understanding the Earth
            Naturalists, Philosophers, and Others
            Sciences of the Earth
            The Theory of the Earth
            Transposing History into the Earth
            Problems with Fossils
     Part II: Reconstructing Geohistory
            A New Science of “Geology”?
            Denizens of a Former World
            Geognosy Enriched into Geohistory
            The Gateway to the Deep Past
            Earth’s Last Revolution
     Coda: Retrospect and Prospect
—, Mountaineering: Freedom of the Hills, 134-187
                        Part II—Climbing Fundamentals
                                    Basic Safety Systems
                                    Belaying
Week VI
Architecture and Cosmology 
(October 1) 
Round and Square See separate Round and Square syllabus 
New York Review of Books See separate New York Review of Books syllabus 
Stein, The World in Miniature
            Edward Schafer: Foreword                                                    
            Author’s Preface                                                                                            
            In Memory of Marcel Granet                                                         
            Trees, Stones, and Landscapes in Containers                                    
            Survey of Themes                                                                                          
            Dwelling Places and their Physical Details                                        
            The World and Architecture in Religious Thought                            
—, Mountaineering: Freedom of the Hills, 188-254
                        Part II—Climbing Fundamentals (continued)
                                    Rappeling
                        Part III—Rock Climbing
                                    Alpine Rock Climbing Technique
                                    Rock Protection

Week VII
French Ethnology and Historiography 
(October 8)
Round and Square See separate Round and Square syllabus 
New York Review of Books See separate New York Review of Books syllabus 
Michel Strickmann, “History, Anthropology, and Chinese Religion”*
Granet, The Religion of the Chinese People, 1-56
            Marcel Granet, 1884-1940—Sociologist (by Maurice Freedman)
            Preface
            Peasant Religion
Mauss, Seasonal Variations of the Eskimo
              Translator’s Foreword                                                                 
              Introduction                                                                   
              General Morphology                   
              Seasonal Morphology                                                      
              The Effects of Eskimo Seasonal Variations                                      
              Conclusion                                                        
Fernand Braudel, The Mediterranean V. 1, 17-102
              Preface to the First Edition (read carefully)
       Part One: The Role of the Environment
              The Peninsulas: Mountains, Plateaux, and Plains
                        Mountains Come First (read carefully)
                        Plateaux, Hills, and Foothills (skim)
                        The Plains (skim)
                        Transhumance and Nomadism (skim)
—, Mountaineering: Freedom of the Hills, 255-319
                        Part III—Rock Climbing (continued)
                                    Leading on Rock
                                    Aid and Big Wall Climbing
*You can find the Strickmann piece on JSTOR (it's in the Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies from 1980). Please read my e-mail message about this week's readings (sent Sunday, October 6th).

Week VIII
Autumn Break
Muir, Mountaineering Essays (Recommended) 
Introduction       
            The Tuolumne Camp
            A Near View of the High Sierra
            Prayers in Higher Mountain Temples, or A Geologist's Winter Walk
            A Perilous Night on Shasta's Summit
            The South Dome
            Mountain Thoughts
            An Ascent of Mount Rainer
            The Stickeen River
            Glenora Peak
            My Sled-Trip on the Muir Glacier
            First Ascent of Herald Island 

Click here for the other half of this two-part syllabus post:
[c] Descent RL