From Round to Square (and back)

For The Emperor's Teacher, scroll down (↓) to "Topics." It's the management book that will rock the world (and break the vase, as you will see). Click or paste the following link for a recent profile of the project: http://magazine.beloit.edu/?story_id=240813&issue_id=240610

A new post appears every day at 12:05* (CDT). There's more, though. Take a look at the right-hand side of the page for over four years of material (2,000 posts and growing) from Seinfeld and country music to every single day of the Chinese lunar calendar...translated. Look here ↓ and explore a little. It will take you all the way down the page...from round to square (and back again).
*Occasionally I will leave a long post up for thirty-six hours, and post a shorter entry at noon the next day.
Showing posts with label Marcel Mauss. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Marcel Mauss. Show all posts

Friday, May 30, 2014

Theory Cartoons—Individual and Group

Click here for the "Theory Cartoons" Resource Center (all posts available)
Click here for the introduction to the Round and Square series "Theory Cartoons" (coming soon)
This is a "small" (小) post—click here for an explanation of Round and Square post lengths.
***  ***
On this date in Round and Square History 
31 May 2013—China's Lunar Calendar 2013 05-31
31 May 2012—The Accidental Ethnographer: Ocean and Isle 2a
31 May 2011—Endings: The Death of Captain Cook
[a] Individuality The New Yorker 2014 06-02
This cartoon lies at the heart of all social theory (theorizing). Period. Who am I? Who are we? This has bedeviled Western scholars for the better part of two centuries (and their utter inability to comprehend broader movements beyond individuality are baffling). 
[b] Individual/Society RF

So-called "Eastern" thinkers have pondered this, too. Sometimes...individual, family, clan, and society blend and merge. Should we leap at that?

I don't think so (although it is intriguing).

Only in the last century (I hear you Emile Durkheim, Marcel Mauss, George Herbert Mead, David Riesman, and Pierre Bourdieu, and Paul Ricoeur) have Western theorists really began to engage the issue in this cartoon.

And think about it. Project yourself into the cartoon. You watch MSNBC...like a whole bunch of others. You watch FOX News...like a whole bunch of others. You identify with climate change; you don't. 

David Riesman had this nailed sixty years ago. Don't kid yourself about your "individuality." Yes, I saw the person on the bus today taking "selfies." You are (and it is not all your fault) "other-directed." Get over it, and read The Lonely Crowd (a few decades too late).

That we haven't even really begun to engage this theoretical question (and NOT ONE is more important) is baffling.
[c] Individuality...and Sociality RF

Saturday, April 12, 2014

Theory Cartoons—Gifts of Contempt

Click here for the "Theory Cartoons" Resource Center (all posts available)
Click here for the introduction to the Round and Square series "Theory Cartoons" (coming soon)
This is a "small" (小) post—click here for an explanation of Round and Square post lengths.
***  ***
On this date on Round and Square's History 
12 April 2013—China's Lunar Calendar 2013 04-12
12 April 2013—Assignments: Ethnographic Review
12 April 2012—Fieldnotes From History: Longshan Temple
12 April 2011—Breaking the Vessel: Luoyang Longing
[a] The New Yorker 2013 12-24
Marcel Mauss never saw this coming. Think about it—really think about it.

A gift with condescension. 
[b] Nope...the opposite RF

Oh, but wait...if you have read even Argonauts of the Western Pacific, you know about that part (just think about a kula shell being thrown contemptuously at your feet). If this doesn't make sense, you really need to read Argonauts, the first ethnographic classic (brilliant, for all its flaws).

This takes all of that to a new level. This is the contemptuous gift that you don't (and maybe can't) notice. The giver has the satisfaction of knowing how superior s/he is to you, even though no one else notices. Now think about that. No one notices your contempt.

Yup, you're smarter than everyone, and social exchange is happening...in your own head.

Now this is what social and cultural (and psychological) theory is all about.

Discuss. 
[c] My own head...thinking... RF

Sunday, June 23, 2013

The Power of Five (3)—Early Ethnographers

Click here for the introduction to the Round and Square series "The Power of Five"
One year ago on Round and Square (23 June 2012)—Fieldnotes From History: Provincial Elections (e)
Two years ago on Round and Square (23 June 2011)—Displays of Authenticity: Passwords
[a] Totemic RF
Below, I list the "Five Early Ethnographers" 

If this does not make sense, or if you somehow think that I am making a "top-five list," you would be badly mistaken. These aren't the "top-five" early ethnographers. They are the five early ethnographers. 

What's an ethnographer? Click the link!

If you think that I am making a "best" list, you've completely missed the point (although they're awful good). Go back and look at the introduction to this series to get a feel for yin-yang, five-phase cosmology. 
[b] Conference! RF

Nope, these are the Five Early Ethnographers. As a totality, they are "early ethnographers." That is what the cosmologist Robert André LaFleur maintains, at least (he told me). I welcome your comments and additions, below (but this is...basically...not negotiable).

Together, they form the category "early anthropologists."

If this doesn't make sense...go back and read the introduction and the links!
[c] East-West RF

                             The Five (Early) Ethnographers
                             Herodotus
                             司馬遷 Sima Qian
                             Ibn Khaldun
                             Jane Austen
                             Bronislaw Malinowski
Discuss. 

Nope—don't even think that this is your "traditional" history of anthropology—it's not your mother's brother's cross-cousin's daughter's history. Not at all.

We're way beyond that.

I will admit that this has an agenda: my agenda when I teach the history of anthropology. These are fightin' words (but still, they constitute—at least this is my shtick here—more than mere opinion). 

These are the five early anthropologists. 

Just like Dong Zhongshu and Lü Buwei, I don't give my reasons (I don't need no stinkin' reasons).* I am well, a...sort of...cosmologist. My choices should be "self-evident," but the whole point of this Round and Square series is to get a little opinion moving.
*But even I sense the omission of Giambattista Vico, Immaneul Kant, and Honoré de Balzac (not to mention Emile Zola).

Feel free to comment and disagree (politely, gracefully...as though you were raised in North Dakota, on the lapping banks of the Red River).

Tomorrow—Super Bowl Losers.
[d] Tepantitla RF

Monday, May 13, 2013

Just Do It Over (14)—Graduation in the Heart-Mind's Eye

A year ago on Round and Square (12 May 2013)—Flowers Bloom: Bloom's Emile I
[a] Time to Go (in a good way) RF
In the spirit of the graduation season, I am posting the remarks that I gave, as a tag-team production with my colleague Ann Davies, over eleven years ago, at the 2002 Baccalaureate Ceremony. It has everything to do with "do-overs," as this series is called. Ann and I both spoke of the way graduation comes 'round every single spring in a never-ending cycle. Our "lecture" was a team effort, and Ann made clear that, although we loved having "you," it was time for you to go. This is not as terrible as it sounds, she argued. These remarks are my own follow-up and I echo her sentiments. In a nutshell, it goes like this: "We love you...and it's time to leave (but in a good way)." The specifics come from my spring seminar that year. It was called "The World in Miniature," and investigated Daoist ideas of living in tiny gourd worlds—trust me. The handout is now lost, but use your imagination when it comes to toad vapors and ascetics in gourds. Really. That is what college is all about—living in a little gourd world and reappearing in the big cosmos to do great things. 
[b] Gathered RF
 心目之內 
In the (Heart) Mind’s Eye 
Reflections on Spiritual and Academic Intensity, 
Space , Place, Learning, Invention, and Memory 
(Not to Mention Seasonal Migration and Lifelong Peregrination)
Baccalaureate Remarks 
Beloit College 
11 May 2002 
As Ann Davies and I discussed our baccalaureate remarks over the last few weeks (and with renewed urgency yesterday morning at Bagels and More), I kept returning to images from my own writing and teaching—the world of early Chinese thought. The first thing I realized was that in Chinese philosophy, the character xin (心) means both heart and mind, interwoven. Thinking and emoting are one. My remarks, then begin with my personal title—In the (Heart) Mind’s Eye. 
Two more images came to mind as I thought about our four years together here...and your impending departure. Early Daoists spoke of, wrote about, and painted sheltered spaces, worlds in miniature—enclosures where they would be safe to ponder. 

That’s what we have been doing here in many ways. We have been living in our own little gourd world, as you can see from your handout, but now you are ready to move on. The image the early Daoists would give is that you are about to sprout feathers and fly off to the island of Penglai in the eastern seas, where you will live among the immortal bird people forever and ever. The actual location for you may be Chicago, Richmond, Terre Haute, or Fargo but, at least from Beloit’s perspective, you have achieved a similar kind of immortality. 
I spent a good deal of time thinking about these matters, as I am wont to do, and I made a number of connections between your graduations and my spring seminar on worlds in miniature as expressed by French scholars of China. The intrepid seniors who took the class will immediately recognize these themes, but I hope that I can show the rest of you several ways in which French and Chinese scholars have already anticipated your graduation, and our desire always to keep you in our (heart) mind’s eye. Beloit is our little gourd. Ann has, quite perspicaciously, spoken of “receptivity” and “capaciousness” as the best that we offer in our educational experiences.

Take the whole world (and, with the range of educational opportunities here, we do “take the whole world”) and compress it into a small space. Voilà—a miniature. It could be a gourd; it could be our little college. You have, perhaps, been the happy little Daoists in your illustrations. But, as Ann told you just moments ago, it’s time for you to leave. We have others coming. How do we reconcile these two ideas?  How do we say that we loved sharing our little gourd with you, but the pattern is going to start all over again this autumn, and you’re not invited? 
It sounds brutal, but it’s not, really. It requires a paradigm shift of sorts to see how it works, and how we can love you all but then give that love to others in a kind of academic cyclicality. Some of the world’s best articulators of these rhythms of movement and emotion happen to be named Marcel. The French social theorists Marcel Mauss and his good friend Marcel Granet, writing in the early twentieth century, spent a good portion of their lives trying to understand these ideas. In their writings, the concepts of lieux saints and temps saints are key—spiritually charged places and times. Not all times and spaces are equal, and few are more charged with intensity than those you will occupy (and pass through) today and tomorrow. Space, place, memory, and imagination—your self-inventions, your “successes,” your “failures”—all merge into one at this most “spiritually” intense time in the academic world. 
But it is not enough to create “charged” spaces in isolation. It must, as any good French scholar of China would note, be recreated, better yet, reinvented. Marcels Mauss and Granet weren’t satisfied that such events as our baccalaureate were in themselves charged. A single event never can be. It is only through their repetition every spring. Every spring we reshape time, space, and memory. Let me set the scene. The Chinese word for “society” is shehui (社會), literally “gathering at the grain shrine.”  It combines the ideas of gathering and repetition to create a deeper kind of communal bond. We bring these powerful themes together as we gather each spring at the chapel on Saturday and again at Middle College (middle is the fifth direction to the Chinese) on Sunday. Every graduation weekend. 
[g] Gourd Entrance RF

Through such rituals we recreate our connections and reshape both time and space. Time begins again every graduation weekend. To our Marcels, every spring you will be back, as something bigger…even immortal…in our little academic gourd world. In this sense, you will always be twenty-two—every spring, year after year. It has ever been thus, at least since 1846…or the beginning of time. What we are doing, in short, is dependent on individual connections, those you and we will remember throughout our lives. 

It’s much more than that, though. There will always be teachers and students gathering at this great grain shrine on the stateline, and we are a part of that in powerful ways that go beyond any single experience in our lives. So, it’s not just about “us.”  We reinvent ourselves and our college every spring in a kind of emotional, intellectual, and cosmic rhythmicality. Lest you worry about your individuality being lost in all of this cosmic replication, let me assure you as well that you won’t be forgotten. How much better that we will also remember and are remembered as spring begins to merge into summer every single year.
[h] Toad Vapor RF

***  *** 
If you look at the illustration at the bottom of the page, you will see my wishes for you. If you look carefully on the left, you will see a Daoist, with a cane, carrying off his gourd as he journeys. On the right, you will see a three-legged toad breathing immortality vapor onto our Daoist. May both of those things come together in your lives. Carry your gourds with you as you walk in the vapors of longevity toads. Every spring, you will all graduate again, and you will remain forever in our (heart) mind’s eye.
[i] Ich bin ein Be-Gourder RF

Saturday, July 2, 2011

Flowers Bloom (4)—Prairie Enculturation

Click here for the introduction to the Round and Square series "Flowers Bloom."
[a] "Flat"  RF
 During the summer, I will be posting segments of a memoir project I have begun that discusses teaching, learning, scholarship, reading...and the venerable, odd University of Chicago professor Allan Bloom, whose bestseller The Closing of the American Mind rocked American education almost twenty-five years ago. I have already written a little bit about Bloom on this blog, and had promised to start posting more pieces starting in June. Read the introduction to the series if you want the full context, but the individual posts are meant to be read on their own (with hints throughout of the larger context).

This is one post in a six-part series. Click below for the other posts:
Floral 1         Floral 2          Floral 3          Floral 4          Floral 5          Floral 6 

Flowers Bloom—A Teaching Memoir
Prairie Enculturation
My passion for the study of culture also began early. My father is an anthropologist, and Northwest Coast Indian art filled our home. Dad’s office was dotted with Kwakiutl fishing spears and Tsimshian raven carvings, and I can remember discussing society and culture almost as soon as I could participate in conversation. I was not much beyond the age at which I suspected Santa Claus to be far from “other”—and could locate him fairly easily within my extended kinship network as variously uncle, grandfather, or mother’s brother’s eldest son—when my dad explained our Christmas rituals according to Marcel Mauss’s theory of the gift. I loved the name that I then pronounced as Marcel Mouse, and could see his point—that presents have a way of forcing obligation. I had already noticed this at birthday parties, as well as in the half-hearted messages (“the present is from the kids”) that adults seemed determined to impart, even as we children turned our attention elsewhere. Most of all, it gave me a way of understanding how adults could ruin a perfectly happy occasion by creating overlapping layers of “gift-opening rules” that frustrated me beyond measure (Shelly goes first and we all watch, then great-grandma, and then Robby).

[b] Prairie imagination  RF
As I grew older, fieldwork and anthropological theory figured prominently in family time. While other families went to the North Dakota-Manitoba Peace Garden, Disney World, or the Wisconsin Dells, we had “fieldwork vacations,” learning about local culture wherever we went, even as my mother read to us from Edith Hamilton’s retellings of Greek and Roman myths. I distinctly remember staying at an Amish commune, as well as taking a long trip one summer to British Columbia that introduced me to Northwest Coast Indian culture and the wildly alliterative name (echoing my fascination with Marcel Mauss) of the Kwakiutl artist Mungo Martin. I already imagined myself an ethnographer, and filled notebooks with reflections on my travels. Heavy vapors of romanticism worked upon me, but still—especially “in the field” in British Columbia—I reveled in the mood as I worked my way through several Big Chief® tablets at the picnic table outside of the family camper.

In time, I upgraded to narrow-ruled notebooks, and could not help but turn my note-taking ambitions to the cultural practices of eastern North Dakota. It was there that I learned how deeply language and culture are intertwined. Every Thanksgiving, my great aunts, grandmother, and seemingly every neighbor on the Dakota plains would start a methodical production of Norwegian pastries. No sooner were the late-night snack plates, turkey sandwiches, and pumpkin pie cleared away than—in an era before Black Friday—these formidable women would haul out the specialized instruments of culinary warfare. Lefse irons and krumkake rollers joined the pots, pans, and baking sheets dotting the kitchen. Even a child could sense the competition in the air. While I returned to my elementary studies in Wisconsin, they baked. Speaking periodically on the phone, they gave each other updates on the number of lefse, kringle, krumkake, and fattigman in process. By the third week of December, each home held a shrine to Norwegian pastry—an impossibly layered tray of baked flour and sugar organized by shape and texture, ready for consumption.

[c] Just a hint (you have no idea)  RF
And reloading. Behind the yuletide dining room scene, the kitchens held formidable reserves. People were expected to visit, and visitors were expected to eat. Every evening, they restocked the display trays. Throughout the Red River Valley, the cyclical itineraries of visiting and eating called to mind the patterns of entreaty and obligation I had learned from Marcel Mauss. It was public and it was performative. Even then, I could not help but think of Kwakiutl Indian chiefs doing ostentatious battle with massive stores of blankets and salmon—all vying in the potlatch for what we call today “cultural capital.” The prolific bakers were famous throughout the valley, and their pastries might be talked about for generations.

And it’s all history. I always associated that world with generations beyond my own. Because I came to visit—doing historical fieldwork, as it were—I spent time almost solely with my grandparents’ and even great-grandparents’ generations.

When I returned from Madison for the culmination of the holidays, we, too, would hit the road. In the winter of 1971, just months after the Minnesota Twins had completed what turned out to be a lackluster (74-86) season, we took the winding country roads from eastern North Dakota, over the Red River, and on to the “Minnesota side”—an hour’s trip through several Scandinavian subcultures. Grain elevators towered over railroad tracks—the juxtaposed linchpins of a fading economy linking towns such as Finley, Taft, and Perley with Fargo, Minneapolis, and Chicago. Even then, as my grandfather told me, Burlington Northern had abandoned thousands of miles of track, and the small town grain elevator was fading away, just as had the dray lines and icehouses of his youth.

Dray lines? Icehouses? I had no concept. Grandpa explained an entire dray line economy with horses and heavy, low carts connecting railroad tracks with stores and homes. Yet it was the icehouses that most intrigued me. Enormous chunks of ice were cut and hauled from the Red River and stored in dark warehouses in the middle of town. Even my father remembers walking into the cool of icehouses as a child, the massive hunks holding a slowly diminishing steadiness under bales of hay, even at the height of summer. I had just learned why my grandparents called that compartment on the passenger side of the car the glove box, and why much more attention was paid to hat racks in their day than in mine. Now I knew why I kept hearing that I should make sure that I don’t stand with the icebox open.

[c] Prairie icehouse  RF
I learned all of these things while sitting among great aunts, uncles, and cousins several generations removed, on holiday visiting feasts in which kringle circulated like so many armbands in the Trobriand Islands. I had already learned to pay attention, to think like an ethnographer about my own culture, and I tried to get it all down when we returned to “base camp” at my grandparents’ home. Before we left Minnesota on that day in 1971, a nonagenarian great-great aunt asked my grandmother, “Did you ever go julekagen?”  My grandma nodded that yes, she had, adding “Those were good times.”

In the car, on the return trip, I asked her about julekagen. She explained that groups of young people would sing Norwegian holiday songs in town. “So it’s Christmas caroling,” I blurted. “Well, yes…and…not exactly,” she added. “It sounds just like it,” I concluded, satisfied that I understood. Grandma wasn’t so sure that I did. She went on to explain some subtleties that today I would call the specifics of cultural practice in the Red River Valley. At the time, though, it seemed simple, and I was sure that I had it figured out. An icebox was an old-fashioned refrigerator; a glove box was an older phrase for glove compartment (even though I never saw anyone store gloves there); and julekagen was Christmas caroling. This history, language, and culture thing didn’t seem quite so difficult, after all. I wrote it all down, and closed my notebook.

***  ***
Years later, sipping coffee in the Ole Store Café in Northfield, Minnesota, I read the Minneapolis StarTribune and speculated, along with the journalists, about whether or not American cyclist Greg Lemond could make up a fifty-one second gap in the final stage of the 1989 Tour de France. The tour organizers had scheduled a time-trial into Paris that day. In most years, during a normal Tour finale, he could never make up the time, and there would be no possibility of victory. In a time trial—a race of rider against the clock (contre la montre, as the French say)—there was a chance, a shred of opportunity. It was unlikely, but it could happen. As I anticipated that day’s events, I also comforted myself by noting that, in addition to summarizing, journalists are required to guess (many call this “prediction”). They are rarely any better at this than the rest of us, and it seemed fitting revenge for the smug certainty that I was sure would follow tomorrow, no matter the results from France.

[d] News  RF
In the booth next to me, I was startled by a tiny voice speaking with a distinctly Norwegian accent. It might have been a great aunt, so close were her enunciations to the linguistic world of my childhood. The Ole Store Café may be near the center of Norwegian culture in Minnesota, but we were far from the Red River Valley of my youth. She was a “native,” and from the homeland. I was sure of it. She spoke again. “Thank you dear,” she told the waitress. “And I think I’ll have some pie.” She stressed the last word, as though it were part of an equation. “Banana cream, please.” The booth walls in the Ole Store were high; I couldn’t see her, and went back to reading my paper—pondering the cycling future.

Minutes later I heard the clink of a plate being set on a table. The tiny voice returned. “Ooohhh…it’s so coooold.” There was a pause, and then the phrase I will always cherish:

Isn’t refrigeration wonderful?

That went into my notebook, too.

This is one post in a six-part series. Click below for the other posts:
Floral 1         Floral 2          Floral 3          Floral 4          Floral 5          Floral 6

NEXT
Meeting Bloom
It's not at all what you think. I'm no disciple (for better or worse).
 I'll see you there, at the Committee on Social Thought "Sherry Hour" in early October 1987. Don't be late or you'll just get a Bubble-up (remember those?) or a wine cooler (check your history books).